CPT Code for Cupping Therapy: Billing, Coverage, and Documentation

Key Takeaways

• There is no CPT code specifically named for cupping therapy.
• Coding depends on technique, level of provider involvement, and clinical intent.
• CPT 97016 and 97140 are most commonly used, but only in specific scenarios.
• Unlisted codes are often the most compliant option, despite lower reimbursement.
• Strong documentation is mandatory to support medical necessity and reduce risk.

Is There a Specific CPT Code for Cupping Therapy?

No CPT code explicitly names or defines cupping therapy.

CPT codes describe procedures and techniques, not traditional therapy names. Because cupping is a method rather than a defined CPT service, providers must select a code that most accurately reflects how cupping was performed and why it was clinically indicated.

This is why cupping is coded differently across clinics, disciplines, and payers. It is also why copying another provider’s billing approach without understanding the underlying logic creates compliance exposure.

Commonly Used CPT Codes for Cupping Therapy

CPT 97016 – Vasopneumatic Device

Best used for static or device-based cupping that does not require continuous provider contact.

97016 describes the application of a vasopneumatic or pressure-based modality. Many payers interpret mechanical or suction-based cupping under this code, particularly when the intent is to address edema, circulation, or post-injury swelling.

Key considerations:

• Often treated as a supervised modality, not billed in timed units
• More defensible when a mechanical suction device is used
• Coverage varies widely by payer

This code is most frequently accepted in workers’ compensation or motor vehicle accident claims when cupping is tied to injury recovery.

CPT 97140 – Manual Therapy Techniques

Appropriate only when cupping involves active, hands-on manual movement and meets time-based criteria.

97140 is a 15-minute, time-based code intended for manual techniques such as mobilization, manipulation, or soft-tissue work. Sliding or dynamic cupping, often described as myofascial decompression, may qualify only when the provider is actively engaged throughout the time billed.

Important compliance distinctions:

• Static cupping does not meet the definition of manual therapy
• Time must be clearly documented
• Must be distinct from other manual therapy billed the same day

This code is frequently audited, particularly when used for passive modalities.

CPT 97124 – Massage Therapy

Sometimes appropriate when cupping is used as a massage-style soft-tissue technique.

When cupping is performed manually for relaxation, circulation, or muscle tension relief and clearly functions as soft-tissue massage, some payers accept 97124.

This code is underutilized but can be more defensible than 97140 in certain scenarios, particularly when the therapeutic intent is not joint or motion-based.

CPT 97039 – Unlisted Modality / CPT 97139 – Unlisted Therapeutic Procedure

The most technically accurate option when cupping does not fit defined codes.

Unlisted codes exist specifically for services that lack a CPT definition. Manual cupping often falls into this category.

Reality check:

• Requires detailed documentation submitted with the claim
• Frequently denied or manually reviewed
• Often reimbursed inconsistently

Despite lower reimbursement rates, unlisted codes carry lower audit risk when used appropriately.

Choosing the Correct CPT Code Based on Technique

• Static cupping with cups left in place: 97016 or unlisted
• Sliding or moving cupping with continuous provider contact: 97140 (with strict documentation)
• Massage-style cupping for soft-tissue relaxation: 97124
• Spa or wellness cupping without diagnosis: Self-pay

The technique, not the tradition, determines the code.

Billing and Coverage Realities

Medicare and Government Payers

Medicare does not recognize cupping as a covered service. In most cases, cupping is considered non-covered or investigational. Billing Medicare for cupping creates significant compliance risk, and cash-pay is typically the safest option.

Commercial Insurance

Commercial payer policies vary. Some reimburse under 97016 or 97140 when medical necessity is well documented. Others explicitly exclude cupping regardless of code selection.

Verification is essential before billing.

Workers’ Compensation and Motor Vehicle Accident Claims

These payers are more likely to reimburse cupping when it is clearly linked to injury recovery, swelling reduction, or functional restoration and documented accordingly.

Cupping Performed With Acupuncture

Cupping is often considered bundled when performed as part of an acupuncture session. Separate billing may be defensible only when:

• The service is timed and distinct
• It targets a separate clinical goal
• Documentation clearly separates services

Modifiers may be required, but they do not override lack of medical necessity.

Documentation Requirements That Matter

Strong documentation is the difference between payment and denial.

At minimum, include:

• ICD-10 diagnosis and functional limitation
• Type of cupping and method used
• Specific body regions treated
• Time spent when using timed codes
• Patient response and plan of care integration

Example Documentation Language

97016 Example:

“Applied mechanical suction cupping to right ankle for post-sprain edema to improve circulation and reduce swelling. Duration 10 minutes. Patient tolerated well with reduced tightness noted.”

97140 Example:

“Performed dynamic sliding cupping to bilateral lumbar paraspinals for 15 minutes to address soft-tissue restriction and limited flexion. Patient reported pain reduction from 6/10 to 3/10.”

Common Billing Mistakes to Avoid

• Billing static cupping as manual therapy
• Missing time documentation
• Assuming coverage without verification
• Treating cupping as a diagnosis rather than a technique

Cash-Pay vs Insurance Billing Strategy

Many clinics choose to offer cupping as a self-pay add-on or bundle it into care packages. This approach:

• Reduces denial risk
• Simplifies compliance
• Improves patient transparency

In our acupuncture practice at ACA, we prioritize clarity, compliance, and patient trust over chasing uncertain reimbursement.

Who Defines CPT Codes and Coverage?

CPT codes are maintained and updated by the American Medical Association, which establishes standardized descriptions for medical procedures and services used in billing and reporting. These codes define how a service is categorized, but they do not determine whether the service will be paid.

Coverage and reimbursement decisions are made separately by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and by individual commercial insurance carriers. Each payer applies its own medical necessity criteria, coverage policies, and reimbursement rules, even when the same CPT code is used.

This separation means a service can be coded correctly and still be denied based on payer policy. Understanding this distinction is critical for evaluating billing risk, setting patient expectations, and deciding when a service such as cupping is better offered as a self-pay option rather than billed to insurance.

CPT Coding and Coverage Takeaways for Cupping Therapy

Cupping therapy does not face billing challenges because it lacks clinical value. Issues arise when CPT coding is misaligned with the technique performed or when payer coverage rules are misunderstood. The safest and most compliant approach is to select codes based on how cupping is delivered, document each session with clinical precision, and recognize when a cash-pay model offers greater transparency and lower risk.

When applied and documented correctly, cupping remains a valuable therapeutic tool rather than a billing liability. At ACA Acupuncture and Wellness, we offer cupping therapy as part of a broader integrative care approach alongside acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, TuiNa massage, physiotherapy treatment, moxibustion, reflexology, ear seeding, and access to our thermal therapy room. Our therapies may be used individually or combined within a personalized treatment plan based on each patient’s condition and goals. If you have questions about cupping therapy or whether it may be appropriate for your care, we invite you to contact us to learn more about our holistic services.